**Background** Mitochondrial dynamics, specifically the balance between fusion and fission, are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and neuronal survival. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a key GTPase that mediates mitochondrial…
**Background** Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling plays a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis, appetite, and systemic inflammation. Beyond its primary role in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, GLP-1R…
**Background** Oxidative stress, characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and organ injuries. Among these, non-radical ROS…
**Background** Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A key challenge in managing type 2 diabetes is…
**Background** Bacterial infections caused by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria remain a significant global health challenge, often requiring potent antimicrobial agents to prevent systemic complications such as sepsis. The…